by_scale.RdSplit a dataframe into a list according to the levels of variables in the dataframe and scale the numeric variables in each dataframe in the list.
scaleBy(formula, data = parent.frame(), center = TRUE, scale = TRUE)
scale_by(data, formula, center = TRUE, scale = TRUE)Variables to split data frame by, as as.quoted
variables, a formula or character vector.
A dataframe or matrix
Logical, should data be centered.
Logical, should data be scaled.
A list of objects of same class as x
scaleBy(~Species, data=iris, center=TRUE, scale=FALSE)
#> $setosa
#> Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width Species
#> 1 0.094 0.072 -0.062 -0.046 setosa
#> 2 -0.106 -0.428 -0.062 -0.046 setosa
#> 3 -0.306 -0.228 -0.162 -0.046 setosa
#> 4 -0.406 -0.328 0.038 -0.046 setosa
#> 5 -0.006 0.172 -0.062 -0.046 setosa
#> 6 0.394 0.472 0.238 0.154 setosa
#> 7 -0.406 -0.028 -0.062 0.054 setosa
#> 8 -0.006 -0.028 0.038 -0.046 setosa
#> 9 -0.606 -0.528 -0.062 -0.046 setosa
#> 10 -0.106 -0.328 0.038 -0.146 setosa
#> 11 0.394 0.272 0.038 -0.046 setosa
#> 12 -0.206 -0.028 0.138 -0.046 setosa
#> 13 -0.206 -0.428 -0.062 -0.146 setosa
#> 14 -0.706 -0.428 -0.362 -0.146 setosa
#> 15 0.794 0.572 -0.262 -0.046 setosa
#> 16 0.694 0.972 0.038 0.154 setosa
#> 17 0.394 0.472 -0.162 0.154 setosa
#> 18 0.094 0.072 -0.062 0.054 setosa
#> 19 0.694 0.372 0.238 0.054 setosa
#> 20 0.094 0.372 0.038 0.054 setosa
#> 21 0.394 -0.028 0.238 -0.046 setosa
#> 22 0.094 0.272 0.038 0.154 setosa
#> 23 -0.406 0.172 -0.462 -0.046 setosa
#> 24 0.094 -0.128 0.238 0.254 setosa
#> 25 -0.206 -0.028 0.438 -0.046 setosa
#> 26 -0.006 -0.428 0.138 -0.046 setosa
#> 27 -0.006 -0.028 0.138 0.154 setosa
#> 28 0.194 0.072 0.038 -0.046 setosa
#> 29 0.194 -0.028 -0.062 -0.046 setosa
#> 30 -0.306 -0.228 0.138 -0.046 setosa
#> 31 -0.206 -0.328 0.138 -0.046 setosa
#> 32 0.394 -0.028 0.038 0.154 setosa
#> 33 0.194 0.672 0.038 -0.146 setosa
#> 34 0.494 0.772 -0.062 -0.046 setosa
#> 35 -0.106 -0.328 0.038 -0.046 setosa
#> 36 -0.006 -0.228 -0.262 -0.046 setosa
#> 37 0.494 0.072 -0.162 -0.046 setosa
#> 38 -0.106 0.172 -0.062 -0.146 setosa
#> 39 -0.606 -0.428 -0.162 -0.046 setosa
#> 40 0.094 -0.028 0.038 -0.046 setosa
#> 41 -0.006 0.072 -0.162 0.054 setosa
#> 42 -0.506 -1.128 -0.162 0.054 setosa
#> 43 -0.606 -0.228 -0.162 -0.046 setosa
#> 44 -0.006 0.072 0.138 0.354 setosa
#> 45 0.094 0.372 0.438 0.154 setosa
#> 46 -0.206 -0.428 -0.062 0.054 setosa
#> 47 0.094 0.372 0.138 -0.046 setosa
#> 48 -0.406 -0.228 -0.062 -0.046 setosa
#> 49 0.294 0.272 0.038 -0.046 setosa
#> 50 -0.006 -0.128 -0.062 -0.046 setosa
#>
#> $versicolor
#> Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width Species
#> 51 1.064 0.43 0.44 0.074 versicolor
#> 52 0.464 0.43 0.24 0.174 versicolor
#> 53 0.964 0.33 0.64 0.174 versicolor
#> 54 -0.436 -0.47 -0.26 -0.026 versicolor
#> 55 0.564 0.03 0.34 0.174 versicolor
#> 56 -0.236 0.03 0.24 -0.026 versicolor
#> 57 0.364 0.53 0.44 0.274 versicolor
#> 58 -1.036 -0.37 -0.96 -0.326 versicolor
#> 59 0.664 0.13 0.34 -0.026 versicolor
#> 60 -0.736 -0.07 -0.36 0.074 versicolor
#> 61 -0.936 -0.77 -0.76 -0.326 versicolor
#> 62 -0.036 0.23 -0.06 0.174 versicolor
#> 63 0.064 -0.57 -0.26 -0.326 versicolor
#> 64 0.164 0.13 0.44 0.074 versicolor
#> 65 -0.336 0.13 -0.66 -0.026 versicolor
#> 66 0.764 0.33 0.14 0.074 versicolor
#> 67 -0.336 0.23 0.24 0.174 versicolor
#> 68 -0.136 -0.07 -0.16 -0.326 versicolor
#> 69 0.264 -0.57 0.24 0.174 versicolor
#> 70 -0.336 -0.27 -0.36 -0.226 versicolor
#> 71 -0.036 0.43 0.54 0.474 versicolor
#> 72 0.164 0.03 -0.26 -0.026 versicolor
#> 73 0.364 -0.27 0.64 0.174 versicolor
#> 74 0.164 0.03 0.44 -0.126 versicolor
#> 75 0.464 0.13 0.04 -0.026 versicolor
#> 76 0.664 0.23 0.14 0.074 versicolor
#> 77 0.864 0.03 0.54 0.074 versicolor
#> 78 0.764 0.23 0.74 0.374 versicolor
#> 79 0.064 0.13 0.24 0.174 versicolor
#> 80 -0.236 -0.17 -0.76 -0.326 versicolor
#> 81 -0.436 -0.37 -0.46 -0.226 versicolor
#> 82 -0.436 -0.37 -0.56 -0.326 versicolor
#> 83 -0.136 -0.07 -0.36 -0.126 versicolor
#> 84 0.064 -0.07 0.84 0.274 versicolor
#> 85 -0.536 0.23 0.24 0.174 versicolor
#> 86 0.064 0.63 0.24 0.274 versicolor
#> 87 0.764 0.33 0.44 0.174 versicolor
#> 88 0.364 -0.47 0.14 -0.026 versicolor
#> 89 -0.336 0.23 -0.16 -0.026 versicolor
#> 90 -0.436 -0.27 -0.26 -0.026 versicolor
#> 91 -0.436 -0.17 0.14 -0.126 versicolor
#> 92 0.164 0.23 0.34 0.074 versicolor
#> 93 -0.136 -0.17 -0.26 -0.126 versicolor
#> 94 -0.936 -0.47 -0.96 -0.326 versicolor
#> 95 -0.336 -0.07 -0.06 -0.026 versicolor
#> 96 -0.236 0.23 -0.06 -0.126 versicolor
#> 97 -0.236 0.13 -0.06 -0.026 versicolor
#> 98 0.264 0.13 0.04 -0.026 versicolor
#> 99 -0.836 -0.27 -1.26 -0.226 versicolor
#> 100 -0.236 0.03 -0.16 -0.026 versicolor
#>
#> $virginica
#> Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width Species
#> 101 -0.288 0.326 0.448 0.474 virginica
#> 102 -0.788 -0.274 -0.452 -0.126 virginica
#> 103 0.512 0.026 0.348 0.074 virginica
#> 104 -0.288 -0.074 0.048 -0.226 virginica
#> 105 -0.088 0.026 0.248 0.174 virginica
#> 106 1.012 0.026 1.048 0.074 virginica
#> 107 -1.688 -0.474 -1.052 -0.326 virginica
#> 108 0.712 -0.074 0.748 -0.226 virginica
#> 109 0.112 -0.474 0.248 -0.226 virginica
#> 110 0.612 0.626 0.548 0.474 virginica
#> 111 -0.088 0.226 -0.452 -0.026 virginica
#> 112 -0.188 -0.274 -0.252 -0.126 virginica
#> 113 0.212 0.026 -0.052 0.074 virginica
#> 114 -0.888 -0.474 -0.552 -0.026 virginica
#> 115 -0.788 -0.174 -0.452 0.374 virginica
#> 116 -0.188 0.226 -0.252 0.274 virginica
#> 117 -0.088 0.026 -0.052 -0.226 virginica
#> 118 1.112 0.826 1.148 0.174 virginica
#> 119 1.112 -0.374 1.348 0.274 virginica
#> 120 -0.588 -0.774 -0.552 -0.526 virginica
#> 121 0.312 0.226 0.148 0.274 virginica
#> 122 -0.988 -0.174 -0.652 -0.026 virginica
#> 123 1.112 -0.174 1.148 -0.026 virginica
#> 124 -0.288 -0.274 -0.652 -0.226 virginica
#> 125 0.112 0.326 0.148 0.074 virginica
#> 126 0.612 0.226 0.448 -0.226 virginica
#> 127 -0.388 -0.174 -0.752 -0.226 virginica
#> 128 -0.488 0.026 -0.652 -0.226 virginica
#> 129 -0.188 -0.174 0.048 0.074 virginica
#> 130 0.612 0.026 0.248 -0.426 virginica
#> 131 0.812 -0.174 0.548 -0.126 virginica
#> 132 1.312 0.826 0.848 -0.026 virginica
#> 133 -0.188 -0.174 0.048 0.174 virginica
#> 134 -0.288 -0.174 -0.452 -0.526 virginica
#> 135 -0.488 -0.374 0.048 -0.626 virginica
#> 136 1.112 0.026 0.548 0.274 virginica
#> 137 -0.288 0.426 0.048 0.374 virginica
#> 138 -0.188 0.126 -0.052 -0.226 virginica
#> 139 -0.588 0.026 -0.752 -0.226 virginica
#> 140 0.312 0.126 -0.152 0.074 virginica
#> 141 0.112 0.126 0.048 0.374 virginica
#> 142 0.312 0.126 -0.452 0.274 virginica
#> 143 -0.788 -0.274 -0.452 -0.126 virginica
#> 144 0.212 0.226 0.348 0.274 virginica
#> 145 0.112 0.326 0.148 0.474 virginica
#> 146 0.112 0.026 -0.352 0.274 virginica
#> 147 -0.288 -0.474 -0.552 -0.126 virginica
#> 148 -0.088 0.026 -0.352 -0.026 virginica
#> 149 -0.388 0.426 -0.152 0.274 virginica
#> 150 -0.688 0.026 -0.452 -0.226 virginica
#>
scaleBy(~1, data=iris, center=TRUE, scale=FALSE)
#> $`1`
#> Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width Species
#> 1 -0.74333333 0.44266667 -2.358 -0.9993333333 setosa
#> 2 -0.94333333 -0.05733333 -2.358 -0.9993333333 setosa
#> 3 -1.14333333 0.14266667 -2.458 -0.9993333333 setosa
#> 4 -1.24333333 0.04266667 -2.258 -0.9993333333 setosa
#> 5 -0.84333333 0.54266667 -2.358 -0.9993333333 setosa
#> 6 -0.44333333 0.84266667 -2.058 -0.7993333333 setosa
#> 7 -1.24333333 0.34266667 -2.358 -0.8993333333 setosa
#> 8 -0.84333333 0.34266667 -2.258 -0.9993333333 setosa
#> 9 -1.44333333 -0.15733333 -2.358 -0.9993333333 setosa
#> 10 -0.94333333 0.04266667 -2.258 -1.0993333333 setosa
#> 11 -0.44333333 0.64266667 -2.258 -0.9993333333 setosa
#> 12 -1.04333333 0.34266667 -2.158 -0.9993333333 setosa
#> 13 -1.04333333 -0.05733333 -2.358 -1.0993333333 setosa
#> 14 -1.54333333 -0.05733333 -2.658 -1.0993333333 setosa
#> 15 -0.04333333 0.94266667 -2.558 -0.9993333333 setosa
#> 16 -0.14333333 1.34266667 -2.258 -0.7993333333 setosa
#> 17 -0.44333333 0.84266667 -2.458 -0.7993333333 setosa
#> 18 -0.74333333 0.44266667 -2.358 -0.8993333333 setosa
#> 19 -0.14333333 0.74266667 -2.058 -0.8993333333 setosa
#> 20 -0.74333333 0.74266667 -2.258 -0.8993333333 setosa
#> 21 -0.44333333 0.34266667 -2.058 -0.9993333333 setosa
#> 22 -0.74333333 0.64266667 -2.258 -0.7993333333 setosa
#> 23 -1.24333333 0.54266667 -2.758 -0.9993333333 setosa
#> 24 -0.74333333 0.24266667 -2.058 -0.6993333333 setosa
#> 25 -1.04333333 0.34266667 -1.858 -0.9993333333 setosa
#> 26 -0.84333333 -0.05733333 -2.158 -0.9993333333 setosa
#> 27 -0.84333333 0.34266667 -2.158 -0.7993333333 setosa
#> 28 -0.64333333 0.44266667 -2.258 -0.9993333333 setosa
#> 29 -0.64333333 0.34266667 -2.358 -0.9993333333 setosa
#> 30 -1.14333333 0.14266667 -2.158 -0.9993333333 setosa
#> 31 -1.04333333 0.04266667 -2.158 -0.9993333333 setosa
#> 32 -0.44333333 0.34266667 -2.258 -0.7993333333 setosa
#> 33 -0.64333333 1.04266667 -2.258 -1.0993333333 setosa
#> 34 -0.34333333 1.14266667 -2.358 -0.9993333333 setosa
#> 35 -0.94333333 0.04266667 -2.258 -0.9993333333 setosa
#> 36 -0.84333333 0.14266667 -2.558 -0.9993333333 setosa
#> 37 -0.34333333 0.44266667 -2.458 -0.9993333333 setosa
#> 38 -0.94333333 0.54266667 -2.358 -1.0993333333 setosa
#> 39 -1.44333333 -0.05733333 -2.458 -0.9993333333 setosa
#> 40 -0.74333333 0.34266667 -2.258 -0.9993333333 setosa
#> 41 -0.84333333 0.44266667 -2.458 -0.8993333333 setosa
#> 42 -1.34333333 -0.75733333 -2.458 -0.8993333333 setosa
#> 43 -1.44333333 0.14266667 -2.458 -0.9993333333 setosa
#> 44 -0.84333333 0.44266667 -2.158 -0.5993333333 setosa
#> 45 -0.74333333 0.74266667 -1.858 -0.7993333333 setosa
#> 46 -1.04333333 -0.05733333 -2.358 -0.8993333333 setosa
#> 47 -0.74333333 0.74266667 -2.158 -0.9993333333 setosa
#> 48 -1.24333333 0.14266667 -2.358 -0.9993333333 setosa
#> 49 -0.54333333 0.64266667 -2.258 -0.9993333333 setosa
#> 50 -0.84333333 0.24266667 -2.358 -0.9993333333 setosa
#> 51 1.15666667 0.14266667 0.942 0.2006666667 versicolor
#> 52 0.55666667 0.14266667 0.742 0.3006666667 versicolor
#> 53 1.05666667 0.04266667 1.142 0.3006666667 versicolor
#> 54 -0.34333333 -0.75733333 0.242 0.1006666667 versicolor
#> 55 0.65666667 -0.25733333 0.842 0.3006666667 versicolor
#> 56 -0.14333333 -0.25733333 0.742 0.1006666667 versicolor
#> 57 0.45666667 0.24266667 0.942 0.4006666667 versicolor
#> 58 -0.94333333 -0.65733333 -0.458 -0.1993333333 versicolor
#> 59 0.75666667 -0.15733333 0.842 0.1006666667 versicolor
#> 60 -0.64333333 -0.35733333 0.142 0.2006666667 versicolor
#> 61 -0.84333333 -1.05733333 -0.258 -0.1993333333 versicolor
#> 62 0.05666667 -0.05733333 0.442 0.3006666667 versicolor
#> 63 0.15666667 -0.85733333 0.242 -0.1993333333 versicolor
#> 64 0.25666667 -0.15733333 0.942 0.2006666667 versicolor
#> 65 -0.24333333 -0.15733333 -0.158 0.1006666667 versicolor
#> 66 0.85666667 0.04266667 0.642 0.2006666667 versicolor
#> 67 -0.24333333 -0.05733333 0.742 0.3006666667 versicolor
#> 68 -0.04333333 -0.35733333 0.342 -0.1993333333 versicolor
#> 69 0.35666667 -0.85733333 0.742 0.3006666667 versicolor
#> 70 -0.24333333 -0.55733333 0.142 -0.0993333333 versicolor
#> 71 0.05666667 0.14266667 1.042 0.6006666667 versicolor
#> 72 0.25666667 -0.25733333 0.242 0.1006666667 versicolor
#> 73 0.45666667 -0.55733333 1.142 0.3006666667 versicolor
#> 74 0.25666667 -0.25733333 0.942 0.0006666667 versicolor
#> 75 0.55666667 -0.15733333 0.542 0.1006666667 versicolor
#> 76 0.75666667 -0.05733333 0.642 0.2006666667 versicolor
#> 77 0.95666667 -0.25733333 1.042 0.2006666667 versicolor
#> 78 0.85666667 -0.05733333 1.242 0.5006666667 versicolor
#> 79 0.15666667 -0.15733333 0.742 0.3006666667 versicolor
#> 80 -0.14333333 -0.45733333 -0.258 -0.1993333333 versicolor
#> 81 -0.34333333 -0.65733333 0.042 -0.0993333333 versicolor
#> 82 -0.34333333 -0.65733333 -0.058 -0.1993333333 versicolor
#> 83 -0.04333333 -0.35733333 0.142 0.0006666667 versicolor
#> 84 0.15666667 -0.35733333 1.342 0.4006666667 versicolor
#> 85 -0.44333333 -0.05733333 0.742 0.3006666667 versicolor
#> 86 0.15666667 0.34266667 0.742 0.4006666667 versicolor
#> 87 0.85666667 0.04266667 0.942 0.3006666667 versicolor
#> 88 0.45666667 -0.75733333 0.642 0.1006666667 versicolor
#> 89 -0.24333333 -0.05733333 0.342 0.1006666667 versicolor
#> 90 -0.34333333 -0.55733333 0.242 0.1006666667 versicolor
#> 91 -0.34333333 -0.45733333 0.642 0.0006666667 versicolor
#> 92 0.25666667 -0.05733333 0.842 0.2006666667 versicolor
#> 93 -0.04333333 -0.45733333 0.242 0.0006666667 versicolor
#> 94 -0.84333333 -0.75733333 -0.458 -0.1993333333 versicolor
#> 95 -0.24333333 -0.35733333 0.442 0.1006666667 versicolor
#> 96 -0.14333333 -0.05733333 0.442 0.0006666667 versicolor
#> 97 -0.14333333 -0.15733333 0.442 0.1006666667 versicolor
#> 98 0.35666667 -0.15733333 0.542 0.1006666667 versicolor
#> 99 -0.74333333 -0.55733333 -0.758 -0.0993333333 versicolor
#> 100 -0.14333333 -0.25733333 0.342 0.1006666667 versicolor
#> 101 0.45666667 0.24266667 2.242 1.3006666667 virginica
#> 102 -0.04333333 -0.35733333 1.342 0.7006666667 virginica
#> 103 1.25666667 -0.05733333 2.142 0.9006666667 virginica
#> 104 0.45666667 -0.15733333 1.842 0.6006666667 virginica
#> 105 0.65666667 -0.05733333 2.042 1.0006666667 virginica
#> 106 1.75666667 -0.05733333 2.842 0.9006666667 virginica
#> 107 -0.94333333 -0.55733333 0.742 0.5006666667 virginica
#> 108 1.45666667 -0.15733333 2.542 0.6006666667 virginica
#> 109 0.85666667 -0.55733333 2.042 0.6006666667 virginica
#> 110 1.35666667 0.54266667 2.342 1.3006666667 virginica
#> 111 0.65666667 0.14266667 1.342 0.8006666667 virginica
#> 112 0.55666667 -0.35733333 1.542 0.7006666667 virginica
#> 113 0.95666667 -0.05733333 1.742 0.9006666667 virginica
#> 114 -0.14333333 -0.55733333 1.242 0.8006666667 virginica
#> 115 -0.04333333 -0.25733333 1.342 1.2006666667 virginica
#> 116 0.55666667 0.14266667 1.542 1.1006666667 virginica
#> 117 0.65666667 -0.05733333 1.742 0.6006666667 virginica
#> 118 1.85666667 0.74266667 2.942 1.0006666667 virginica
#> 119 1.85666667 -0.45733333 3.142 1.1006666667 virginica
#> 120 0.15666667 -0.85733333 1.242 0.3006666667 virginica
#> 121 1.05666667 0.14266667 1.942 1.1006666667 virginica
#> 122 -0.24333333 -0.25733333 1.142 0.8006666667 virginica
#> 123 1.85666667 -0.25733333 2.942 0.8006666667 virginica
#> 124 0.45666667 -0.35733333 1.142 0.6006666667 virginica
#> 125 0.85666667 0.24266667 1.942 0.9006666667 virginica
#> 126 1.35666667 0.14266667 2.242 0.6006666667 virginica
#> 127 0.35666667 -0.25733333 1.042 0.6006666667 virginica
#> 128 0.25666667 -0.05733333 1.142 0.6006666667 virginica
#> 129 0.55666667 -0.25733333 1.842 0.9006666667 virginica
#> 130 1.35666667 -0.05733333 2.042 0.4006666667 virginica
#> 131 1.55666667 -0.25733333 2.342 0.7006666667 virginica
#> 132 2.05666667 0.74266667 2.642 0.8006666667 virginica
#> 133 0.55666667 -0.25733333 1.842 1.0006666667 virginica
#> 134 0.45666667 -0.25733333 1.342 0.3006666667 virginica
#> 135 0.25666667 -0.45733333 1.842 0.2006666667 virginica
#> 136 1.85666667 -0.05733333 2.342 1.1006666667 virginica
#> 137 0.45666667 0.34266667 1.842 1.2006666667 virginica
#> 138 0.55666667 0.04266667 1.742 0.6006666667 virginica
#> 139 0.15666667 -0.05733333 1.042 0.6006666667 virginica
#> 140 1.05666667 0.04266667 1.642 0.9006666667 virginica
#> 141 0.85666667 0.04266667 1.842 1.2006666667 virginica
#> 142 1.05666667 0.04266667 1.342 1.1006666667 virginica
#> 143 -0.04333333 -0.35733333 1.342 0.7006666667 virginica
#> 144 0.95666667 0.14266667 2.142 1.1006666667 virginica
#> 145 0.85666667 0.24266667 1.942 1.3006666667 virginica
#> 146 0.85666667 -0.05733333 1.442 1.1006666667 virginica
#> 147 0.45666667 -0.55733333 1.242 0.7006666667 virginica
#> 148 0.65666667 -0.05733333 1.442 0.8006666667 virginica
#> 149 0.35666667 0.34266667 1.642 1.1006666667 virginica
#> 150 0.05666667 -0.05733333 1.342 0.6006666667 virginica
#>
scale_by(iris, ~Species)
#> $setosa
#> Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width Species
#> 1 0.26667447 0.18994136 -0.3570112 -0.4364923 setosa
#> 2 -0.30071802 -1.12909583 -0.3570112 -0.4364923 setosa
#> 3 -0.86811050 -0.60148096 -0.9328358 -0.4364923 setosa
#> 4 -1.15180675 -0.86528840 0.2188133 -0.4364923 setosa
#> 5 -0.01702177 0.45374879 -0.3570112 -0.4364923 setosa
#> 6 1.11776320 1.24517111 1.3704625 1.4613004 setosa
#> 7 -1.15180675 -0.07386608 -0.3570112 0.5124040 setosa
#> 8 -0.01702177 -0.07386608 0.2188133 -0.4364923 setosa
#> 9 -1.71919923 -1.39290327 -0.3570112 -0.4364923 setosa
#> 10 -0.30071802 -0.86528840 0.2188133 -1.3853887 setosa
#> 11 1.11776320 0.71755623 0.2188133 -0.4364923 setosa
#> 12 -0.58441426 -0.07386608 0.7946379 -0.4364923 setosa
#> 13 -0.58441426 -1.12909583 -0.3570112 -1.3853887 setosa
#> 14 -2.00289548 -1.12909583 -2.0844850 -1.3853887 setosa
#> 15 2.25254817 1.50897854 -1.5086604 -0.4364923 setosa
#> 16 1.96885193 2.56420830 0.2188133 1.4613004 setosa
#> 17 1.11776320 1.24517111 -0.9328358 1.4613004 setosa
#> 18 0.26667447 0.18994136 -0.3570112 0.5124040 setosa
#> 19 1.96885193 0.98136367 1.3704625 0.5124040 setosa
#> 20 0.26667447 0.98136367 0.2188133 0.5124040 setosa
#> 21 1.11776320 -0.07386608 1.3704625 -0.4364923 setosa
#> 22 0.26667447 0.71755623 0.2188133 1.4613004 setosa
#> 23 -1.15180675 0.45374879 -2.6603096 -0.4364923 setosa
#> 24 0.26667447 -0.33767352 1.3704625 2.4101967 setosa
#> 25 -0.58441426 -0.07386608 2.5221117 -0.4364923 setosa
#> 26 -0.01702177 -1.12909583 0.7946379 -0.4364923 setosa
#> 27 -0.01702177 -0.07386608 0.7946379 1.4613004 setosa
#> 28 0.55037071 0.18994136 0.2188133 -0.4364923 setosa
#> 29 0.55037071 -0.07386608 -0.3570112 -0.4364923 setosa
#> 30 -0.86811050 -0.60148096 0.7946379 -0.4364923 setosa
#> 31 -0.58441426 -0.86528840 0.7946379 -0.4364923 setosa
#> 32 1.11776320 -0.07386608 0.2188133 1.4613004 setosa
#> 33 0.55037071 1.77278598 0.2188133 -1.3853887 setosa
#> 34 1.40145944 2.03659342 -0.3570112 -0.4364923 setosa
#> 35 -0.30071802 -0.86528840 0.2188133 -0.4364923 setosa
#> 36 -0.01702177 -0.60148096 -1.5086604 -0.4364923 setosa
#> 37 1.40145944 0.18994136 -0.9328358 -0.4364923 setosa
#> 38 -0.30071802 0.45374879 -0.3570112 -1.3853887 setosa
#> 39 -1.71919923 -1.12909583 -0.9328358 -0.4364923 setosa
#> 40 0.26667447 -0.07386608 0.2188133 -0.4364923 setosa
#> 41 -0.01702177 0.18994136 -0.9328358 0.5124040 setosa
#> 42 -1.43550299 -2.97574790 -0.9328358 0.5124040 setosa
#> 43 -1.71919923 -0.60148096 -0.9328358 -0.4364923 setosa
#> 44 -0.01702177 0.18994136 0.7946379 3.3590930 setosa
#> 45 0.26667447 0.98136367 2.5221117 1.4613004 setosa
#> 46 -0.58441426 -1.12909583 -0.3570112 0.5124040 setosa
#> 47 0.26667447 0.98136367 0.7946379 -0.4364923 setosa
#> 48 -1.15180675 -0.60148096 -0.3570112 -0.4364923 setosa
#> 49 0.83406695 0.71755623 0.2188133 -0.4364923 setosa
#> 50 -0.01702177 -0.33767352 -0.3570112 -0.4364923 setosa
#>
#> $versicolor
#> Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width Species
#> 51 2.06133180 1.37030688 0.93634757 0.3742048 versicolor
#> 52 0.89892665 1.37030688 0.51073504 0.8798869 versicolor
#> 53 1.86759761 1.05163086 1.36196010 0.8798869 versicolor
#> 54 -0.84468108 -1.49777728 -0.55329629 -0.1314774 versicolor
#> 55 1.09266084 0.09560281 0.72354130 0.8798869 versicolor
#> 56 -0.45721269 0.09560281 0.51073504 -0.1314774 versicolor
#> 57 0.70519246 1.68898289 0.93634757 1.3855691 versicolor
#> 58 -2.00708623 -1.17910126 -2.04294015 -1.6485238 versicolor
#> 59 1.28639503 0.41427882 0.72354130 -0.1314774 versicolor
#> 60 -1.42588365 -0.22307321 -0.76610255 0.3742048 versicolor
#> 61 -1.81335204 -2.45380533 -1.61732761 -1.6485238 versicolor
#> 62 -0.06974431 0.73295484 -0.12768376 0.8798869 versicolor
#> 63 0.12398988 -1.81645330 -0.55329629 -1.6485238 versicolor
#> 64 0.31772407 0.41427882 0.93634757 0.3742048 versicolor
#> 65 -0.65094688 0.41427882 -1.40452135 -0.1314774 versicolor
#> 66 1.48012923 1.05163086 0.29792877 0.3742048 versicolor
#> 67 -0.65094688 0.73295484 0.51073504 0.8798869 versicolor
#> 68 -0.26347850 -0.22307321 -0.34049002 -1.6485238 versicolor
#> 69 0.51145827 -1.81645330 0.51073504 0.8798869 versicolor
#> 70 -0.65094688 -0.86042525 -0.76610255 -1.1428417 versicolor
#> 71 -0.06974431 1.37030688 1.14915383 2.3969334 versicolor
#> 72 0.31772407 0.09560281 -0.55329629 -0.1314774 versicolor
#> 73 0.70519246 -0.86042525 1.36196010 0.8798869 versicolor
#> 74 0.31772407 0.09560281 0.93634757 -0.6371595 versicolor
#> 75 0.89892665 0.41427882 0.08512251 -0.1314774 versicolor
#> 76 1.28639503 0.73295484 0.29792877 0.3742048 versicolor
#> 77 1.67386342 0.09560281 1.14915383 0.3742048 versicolor
#> 78 1.48012923 0.73295484 1.57476636 1.8912512 versicolor
#> 79 0.12398988 0.41427882 0.51073504 0.8798869 versicolor
#> 80 -0.45721269 -0.54174923 -1.61732761 -1.6485238 versicolor
#> 81 -0.84468108 -1.17910126 -0.97890882 -1.1428417 versicolor
#> 82 -0.84468108 -1.17910126 -1.19171508 -1.6485238 versicolor
#> 83 -0.26347850 -0.22307321 -0.76610255 -0.6371595 versicolor
#> 84 0.12398988 -0.22307321 1.78757263 1.3855691 versicolor
#> 85 -1.03841527 0.73295484 0.51073504 0.8798869 versicolor
#> 86 0.12398988 2.00765891 0.51073504 1.3855691 versicolor
#> 87 1.48012923 1.05163086 0.93634757 0.8798869 versicolor
#> 88 0.70519246 -1.49777728 0.29792877 -0.1314774 versicolor
#> 89 -0.65094688 0.73295484 -0.34049002 -0.1314774 versicolor
#> 90 -0.84468108 -0.86042525 -0.55329629 -0.1314774 versicolor
#> 91 -0.84468108 -0.54174923 0.29792877 -0.6371595 versicolor
#> 92 0.31772407 0.73295484 0.72354130 0.3742048 versicolor
#> 93 -0.26347850 -0.54174923 -0.55329629 -0.6371595 versicolor
#> 94 -1.81335204 -1.49777728 -2.04294015 -1.6485238 versicolor
#> 95 -0.65094688 -0.22307321 -0.12768376 -0.1314774 versicolor
#> 96 -0.45721269 0.73295484 -0.12768376 -0.6371595 versicolor
#> 97 -0.45721269 0.41427882 -0.12768376 -0.1314774 versicolor
#> 98 0.51145827 0.41427882 0.08512251 -0.1314774 versicolor
#> 99 -1.61961784 -0.86042525 -2.68135894 -1.1428417 versicolor
#> 100 -0.45721269 0.09560281 -0.34049002 -0.1314774 versicolor
#>
#> $virginica
#> Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width Species
#> 101 -0.4529159 1.0108633 0.81174906 1.72583253 virginica
#> 102 -1.2392283 -0.8496213 -0.81899682 -0.45876561 virginica
#> 103 0.8051839 0.0806210 0.63055507 0.26943377 virginica
#> 104 -0.4529159 -0.2294598 0.08697311 -0.82286530 virginica
#> 105 -0.1383910 0.0806210 0.44936109 0.63353346 virginica
#> 106 1.5914963 0.0806210 1.89891298 0.26943377 virginica
#> 107 -2.6545906 -1.4697828 -1.90616074 -1.18696499 virginica
#> 108 1.1197088 -0.2294598 1.35533102 -0.82286530 virginica
#> 109 0.1761340 -1.4697828 0.44936109 -0.82286530 virginica
#> 110 0.9624464 1.9411055 0.99294305 1.72583253 virginica
#> 111 -0.1383910 0.7007825 -0.81899682 -0.09466592 virginica
#> 112 -0.2956535 -0.8496213 -0.45660885 -0.45876561 virginica
#> 113 0.3333965 0.0806210 -0.09422087 0.26943377 virginica
#> 114 -1.3964908 -1.4697828 -1.00019081 -0.09466592 virginica
#> 115 -1.2392283 -0.5395405 -0.81899682 1.36173284 virginica
#> 116 -0.2956535 0.7007825 -0.45660885 0.99763315 virginica
#> 117 -0.1383910 0.0806210 -0.09422087 -0.82286530 virginica
#> 118 1.7487587 2.5612670 2.08010696 0.63353346 virginica
#> 119 1.7487587 -1.1597020 2.44249494 0.99763315 virginica
#> 120 -0.9247034 -2.4000250 -1.00019081 -1.91516437 virginica
#> 121 0.4906589 0.7007825 0.26816710 0.99763315 virginica
#> 122 -1.5537533 -0.5395405 -1.18138479 -0.09466592 virginica
#> 123 1.7487587 -0.5395405 2.08010696 -0.09466592 virginica
#> 124 -0.4529159 -0.8496213 -1.18138479 -0.82286530 virginica
#> 125 0.1761340 1.0108633 0.26816710 0.26943377 virginica
#> 126 0.9624464 0.7007825 0.81174906 -0.82286530 virginica
#> 127 -0.6101784 -0.5395405 -1.36257878 -0.82286530 virginica
#> 128 -0.7674409 0.0806210 -1.18138479 -0.82286530 virginica
#> 129 -0.2956535 -0.5395405 0.08697311 0.26943377 virginica
#> 130 0.9624464 0.0806210 0.44936109 -1.55106468 virginica
#> 131 1.2769713 -0.5395405 0.99294305 -0.45876561 virginica
#> 132 2.0632837 2.5612670 1.53652500 -0.09466592 virginica
#> 133 -0.2956535 -0.5395405 0.08697311 0.63353346 virginica
#> 134 -0.4529159 -0.5395405 -0.81899682 -1.91516437 virginica
#> 135 -0.7674409 -1.1597020 0.08697311 -2.27926406 virginica
#> 136 1.7487587 0.0806210 0.99294305 0.99763315 virginica
#> 137 -0.4529159 1.3209440 0.08697311 1.36173284 virginica
#> 138 -0.2956535 0.3907017 -0.09422087 -0.82286530 virginica
#> 139 -0.9247034 0.0806210 -1.36257878 -0.82286530 virginica
#> 140 0.4906589 0.3907017 -0.27541486 0.26943377 virginica
#> 141 0.1761340 0.3907017 0.08697311 1.36173284 virginica
#> 142 0.4906589 0.3907017 -0.81899682 0.99763315 virginica
#> 143 -1.2392283 -0.8496213 -0.81899682 -0.45876561 virginica
#> 144 0.3333965 0.7007825 0.63055507 0.99763315 virginica
#> 145 0.1761340 1.0108633 0.26816710 1.72583253 virginica
#> 146 0.1761340 0.0806210 -0.63780283 0.99763315 virginica
#> 147 -0.4529159 -1.4697828 -1.00019081 -0.45876561 virginica
#> 148 -0.1383910 0.0806210 -0.63780283 -0.09466592 virginica
#> 149 -0.6101784 1.3209440 -0.27541486 0.99763315 virginica
#> 150 -1.0819658 0.0806210 -0.81899682 -0.82286530 virginica
#>
scale_by(iris, ~1)
#> $`1`
#> Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width Species
#> 1 -0.89767388 1.01560199 -1.33575163 -1.3110521482 setosa
#> 2 -1.13920048 -0.13153881 -1.33575163 -1.3110521482 setosa
#> 3 -1.38072709 0.32731751 -1.39239929 -1.3110521482 setosa
#> 4 -1.50149039 0.09788935 -1.27910398 -1.3110521482 setosa
#> 5 -1.01843718 1.24503015 -1.33575163 -1.3110521482 setosa
#> 6 -0.53538397 1.93331463 -1.16580868 -1.0486667950 setosa
#> 7 -1.50149039 0.78617383 -1.33575163 -1.1798594716 setosa
#> 8 -1.01843718 0.78617383 -1.27910398 -1.3110521482 setosa
#> 9 -1.74301699 -0.36096697 -1.33575163 -1.3110521482 setosa
#> 10 -1.13920048 0.09788935 -1.27910398 -1.4422448248 setosa
#> 11 -0.53538397 1.47445831 -1.27910398 -1.3110521482 setosa
#> 12 -1.25996379 0.78617383 -1.22245633 -1.3110521482 setosa
#> 13 -1.25996379 -0.13153881 -1.33575163 -1.4422448248 setosa
#> 14 -1.86378030 -0.13153881 -1.50569459 -1.4422448248 setosa
#> 15 -0.05233076 2.16274279 -1.44904694 -1.3110521482 setosa
#> 16 -0.17309407 3.08045544 -1.27910398 -1.0486667950 setosa
#> 17 -0.53538397 1.93331463 -1.39239929 -1.0486667950 setosa
#> 18 -0.89767388 1.01560199 -1.33575163 -1.1798594716 setosa
#> 19 -0.17309407 1.70388647 -1.16580868 -1.1798594716 setosa
#> 20 -0.89767388 1.70388647 -1.27910398 -1.1798594716 setosa
#> 21 -0.53538397 0.78617383 -1.16580868 -1.3110521482 setosa
#> 22 -0.89767388 1.47445831 -1.27910398 -1.0486667950 setosa
#> 23 -1.50149039 1.24503015 -1.56234224 -1.3110521482 setosa
#> 24 -0.89767388 0.55674567 -1.16580868 -0.9174741184 setosa
#> 25 -1.25996379 0.78617383 -1.05251337 -1.3110521482 setosa
#> 26 -1.01843718 -0.13153881 -1.22245633 -1.3110521482 setosa
#> 27 -1.01843718 0.78617383 -1.22245633 -1.0486667950 setosa
#> 28 -0.77691058 1.01560199 -1.27910398 -1.3110521482 setosa
#> 29 -0.77691058 0.78617383 -1.33575163 -1.3110521482 setosa
#> 30 -1.38072709 0.32731751 -1.22245633 -1.3110521482 setosa
#> 31 -1.25996379 0.09788935 -1.22245633 -1.3110521482 setosa
#> 32 -0.53538397 0.78617383 -1.27910398 -1.0486667950 setosa
#> 33 -0.77691058 2.39217095 -1.27910398 -1.4422448248 setosa
#> 34 -0.41462067 2.62159911 -1.33575163 -1.3110521482 setosa
#> 35 -1.13920048 0.09788935 -1.27910398 -1.3110521482 setosa
#> 36 -1.01843718 0.32731751 -1.44904694 -1.3110521482 setosa
#> 37 -0.41462067 1.01560199 -1.39239929 -1.3110521482 setosa
#> 38 -1.13920048 1.24503015 -1.33575163 -1.4422448248 setosa
#> 39 -1.74301699 -0.13153881 -1.39239929 -1.3110521482 setosa
#> 40 -0.89767388 0.78617383 -1.27910398 -1.3110521482 setosa
#> 41 -1.01843718 1.01560199 -1.39239929 -1.1798594716 setosa
#> 42 -1.62225369 -1.73753594 -1.39239929 -1.1798594716 setosa
#> 43 -1.74301699 0.32731751 -1.39239929 -1.3110521482 setosa
#> 44 -1.01843718 1.01560199 -1.22245633 -0.7862814418 setosa
#> 45 -0.89767388 1.70388647 -1.05251337 -1.0486667950 setosa
#> 46 -1.25996379 -0.13153881 -1.33575163 -1.1798594716 setosa
#> 47 -0.89767388 1.70388647 -1.22245633 -1.3110521482 setosa
#> 48 -1.50149039 0.32731751 -1.33575163 -1.3110521482 setosa
#> 49 -0.65614727 1.47445831 -1.27910398 -1.3110521482 setosa
#> 50 -1.01843718 0.55674567 -1.33575163 -1.3110521482 setosa
#> 51 1.39682886 0.32731751 0.53362088 0.2632599711 versicolor
#> 52 0.67224905 0.32731751 0.42032558 0.3944526477 versicolor
#> 53 1.27606556 0.09788935 0.64691619 0.3944526477 versicolor
#> 54 -0.41462067 -1.73753594 0.13708732 0.1320672944 versicolor
#> 55 0.79301235 -0.59039513 0.47697323 0.3944526477 versicolor
#> 56 -0.17309407 -0.59039513 0.42032558 0.1320672944 versicolor
#> 57 0.55148575 0.55674567 0.53362088 0.5256453243 versicolor
#> 58 -1.13920048 -1.50810778 -0.25944625 -0.2615107354 versicolor
#> 59 0.91377565 -0.36096697 0.47697323 0.1320672944 versicolor
#> 60 -0.77691058 -0.81982329 0.08043967 0.2632599711 versicolor
#> 61 -1.01843718 -2.42582042 -0.14615094 -0.2615107354 versicolor
#> 62 0.06843254 -0.13153881 0.25038262 0.3944526477 versicolor
#> 63 0.18919584 -1.96696410 0.13708732 -0.2615107354 versicolor
#> 64 0.30995914 -0.36096697 0.53362088 0.2632599711 versicolor
#> 65 -0.29385737 -0.36096697 -0.08950329 0.1320672944 versicolor
#> 66 1.03453895 0.09788935 0.36367793 0.2632599711 versicolor
#> 67 -0.29385737 -0.13153881 0.42032558 0.3944526477 versicolor
#> 68 -0.05233076 -0.81982329 0.19373497 -0.2615107354 versicolor
#> 69 0.43072244 -1.96696410 0.42032558 0.3944526477 versicolor
#> 70 -0.29385737 -1.27867961 0.08043967 -0.1303180588 versicolor
#> 71 0.06843254 0.32731751 0.59026853 0.7880306775 versicolor
#> 72 0.30995914 -0.59039513 0.13708732 0.1320672944 versicolor
#> 73 0.55148575 -1.27867961 0.64691619 0.3944526477 versicolor
#> 74 0.30995914 -0.59039513 0.53362088 0.0008746178 versicolor
#> 75 0.67224905 -0.36096697 0.30703027 0.1320672944 versicolor
#> 76 0.91377565 -0.13153881 0.36367793 0.2632599711 versicolor
#> 77 1.15530226 -0.59039513 0.59026853 0.2632599711 versicolor
#> 78 1.03453895 -0.13153881 0.70356384 0.6568380009 versicolor
#> 79 0.18919584 -0.36096697 0.42032558 0.3944526477 versicolor
#> 80 -0.17309407 -1.04925145 -0.14615094 -0.2615107354 versicolor
#> 81 -0.41462067 -1.50810778 0.02379201 -0.1303180588 versicolor
#> 82 -0.41462067 -1.50810778 -0.03285564 -0.2615107354 versicolor
#> 83 -0.05233076 -0.81982329 0.08043967 0.0008746178 versicolor
#> 84 0.18919584 -0.81982329 0.76021149 0.5256453243 versicolor
#> 85 -0.53538397 -0.13153881 0.42032558 0.3944526477 versicolor
#> 86 0.18919584 0.78617383 0.42032558 0.5256453243 versicolor
#> 87 1.03453895 0.09788935 0.53362088 0.3944526477 versicolor
#> 88 0.55148575 -1.73753594 0.36367793 0.1320672944 versicolor
#> 89 -0.29385737 -0.13153881 0.19373497 0.1320672944 versicolor
#> 90 -0.41462067 -1.27867961 0.13708732 0.1320672944 versicolor
#> 91 -0.41462067 -1.04925145 0.36367793 0.0008746178 versicolor
#> 92 0.30995914 -0.13153881 0.47697323 0.2632599711 versicolor
#> 93 -0.05233076 -1.04925145 0.13708732 0.0008746178 versicolor
#> 94 -1.01843718 -1.73753594 -0.25944625 -0.2615107354 versicolor
#> 95 -0.29385737 -0.81982329 0.25038262 0.1320672944 versicolor
#> 96 -0.17309407 -0.13153881 0.25038262 0.0008746178 versicolor
#> 97 -0.17309407 -0.36096697 0.25038262 0.1320672944 versicolor
#> 98 0.43072244 -0.36096697 0.30703027 0.1320672944 versicolor
#> 99 -0.89767388 -1.27867961 -0.42938920 -0.1303180588 versicolor
#> 100 -0.17309407 -0.59039513 0.19373497 0.1320672944 versicolor
#> 101 0.55148575 0.55674567 1.27004036 1.7063794137 virginica
#> 102 -0.05233076 -0.81982329 0.76021149 0.9192233541 virginica
#> 103 1.51759216 -0.13153881 1.21339271 1.1816087073 virginica
#> 104 0.55148575 -0.36096697 1.04344975 0.7880306775 virginica
#> 105 0.79301235 -0.13153881 1.15674505 1.3128013839 virginica
#> 106 2.12140867 -0.13153881 1.60992627 1.1816087073 virginica
#> 107 -1.13920048 -1.27867961 0.42032558 0.6568380009 virginica
#> 108 1.75911877 -0.36096697 1.43998331 0.7880306775 virginica
#> 109 1.03453895 -1.27867961 1.15674505 0.7880306775 virginica
#> 110 1.63835547 1.24503015 1.32668801 1.7063794137 virginica
#> 111 0.79301235 0.32731751 0.76021149 1.0504160307 virginica
#> 112 0.67224905 -0.81982329 0.87350679 0.9192233541 virginica
#> 113 1.15530226 -0.13153881 0.98680210 1.1816087073 virginica
#> 114 -0.17309407 -1.27867961 0.70356384 1.0504160307 virginica
#> 115 -0.05233076 -0.59039513 0.76021149 1.5751867371 virginica
#> 116 0.67224905 0.32731751 0.87350679 1.4439940605 virginica
#> 117 0.79301235 -0.13153881 0.98680210 0.7880306775 virginica
#> 118 2.24217198 1.70388647 1.66657392 1.3128013839 virginica
#> 119 2.24217198 -1.04925145 1.77986923 1.4439940605 virginica
#> 120 0.18919584 -1.96696410 0.70356384 0.3944526477 virginica
#> 121 1.27606556 0.32731751 1.10009740 1.4439940605 virginica
#> 122 -0.29385737 -0.59039513 0.64691619 1.0504160307 virginica
#> 123 2.24217198 -0.59039513 1.66657392 1.0504160307 virginica
#> 124 0.55148575 -0.81982329 0.64691619 0.7880306775 virginica
#> 125 1.03453895 0.55674567 1.10009740 1.1816087073 virginica
#> 126 1.63835547 0.32731751 1.27004036 0.7880306775 virginica
#> 127 0.43072244 -0.59039513 0.59026853 0.7880306775 virginica
#> 128 0.30995914 -0.13153881 0.64691619 0.7880306775 virginica
#> 129 0.67224905 -0.59039513 1.04344975 1.1816087073 virginica
#> 130 1.63835547 -0.13153881 1.15674505 0.5256453243 virginica
#> 131 1.87988207 -0.59039513 1.32668801 0.9192233541 virginica
#> 132 2.48369858 1.70388647 1.49663097 1.0504160307 virginica
#> 133 0.67224905 -0.59039513 1.04344975 1.3128013839 virginica
#> 134 0.55148575 -0.59039513 0.76021149 0.3944526477 virginica
#> 135 0.30995914 -1.04925145 1.04344975 0.2632599711 virginica
#> 136 2.24217198 -0.13153881 1.32668801 1.4439940605 virginica
#> 137 0.55148575 0.78617383 1.04344975 1.5751867371 virginica
#> 138 0.67224905 0.09788935 0.98680210 0.7880306775 virginica
#> 139 0.18919584 -0.13153881 0.59026853 0.7880306775 virginica
#> 140 1.27606556 0.09788935 0.93015445 1.1816087073 virginica
#> 141 1.03453895 0.09788935 1.04344975 1.5751867371 virginica
#> 142 1.27606556 0.09788935 0.76021149 1.4439940605 virginica
#> 143 -0.05233076 -0.81982329 0.76021149 0.9192233541 virginica
#> 144 1.15530226 0.32731751 1.21339271 1.4439940605 virginica
#> 145 1.03453895 0.55674567 1.10009740 1.7063794137 virginica
#> 146 1.03453895 -0.13153881 0.81685914 1.4439940605 virginica
#> 147 0.55148575 -1.27867961 0.70356384 0.9192233541 virginica
#> 148 0.79301235 -0.13153881 0.81685914 1.0504160307 virginica
#> 149 0.43072244 0.78617383 0.93015445 1.4439940605 virginica
#> 150 0.06843254 -0.13153881 0.76021149 0.7880306775 virginica
#>
## Not combine list of dataframes to one dataframe e.g. as:
a <- scale_by(iris, ~Species)
d <- do.call(rbind, a)